The novel is a prose narrative, an imitation of the reality of human events and scenarios that are written in the form of a plot. Zaynab is the first novel in Arabic in the Twentieth Century. It is the pioneering work of fan fiction written by Contemporary standards. Mohammad Hossein Physique This story is written in French. Away from home and started a new civilization of France and French literature is his motives in writing this story. Plot follows the story of rural life in Egypt. Life characters are well described. Language is a simple story and some of the local dialect is used. The straight line is the general time and place, with names such as towns, villages, homes and farms have been used. Too much inconsistency in the description and characterization, particularly about the protagonist in "Hamid" and little understanding of the lives of farmers is novel faults.

Khuzestan Arabic poetry in Contemporary age has continued its progress and dehiscence. In spite of following old poetry, it shows the changes and renewal in the form and poetical objects and style. This poetry has been influenced by Contemporary Arabic poetry and its poets followed great Arabic poets such as Mahmood Sami al-Barodi and Ahmad Shoqi. They have composed the poems while frequently comparing them with particulars of literary schools like classicism, romanticism, symbolism and realism and realism.We can see manifestations of this change and renewal by young poets as Abd al-aziz Hemadi, Foad Ashore, Hosin Torfi, etc. They could enrich their poetry by two old and new cultural heritages.

Nations have created legends and myths in their lives which were acceptable for them and they had deep belief in them. These myths are more colorful among some nations. Arab poets, also, have used Arabic and even other nations' myths in their poetry, and regarding the environment and conditions have used their thoughts by implementing these ideas. We have tried, in this essay, by describing the vocabulary and mythical expressions and brief familiarity with some of the most well-known Greek, Mesopotamia, Ancient Rome and Egypt myths, deal with the Contemporary Arabic poetry and investigate some of their poetry in their distinguished ones to know the reasons of the application of myths in the modern poetry.

Since its emergence, novel has been concerned with the concept of freedom in relation to society. Kurds, Masters without Horses deals with several concepts such as freedom, imagination, society and identity. The Arabic novel, refusing to be pushed into social margins, has become a safety valve that prevents nations from falling into the pit of oblivion. The novel takes place in a complex world where freedom is the concern and goal of literature and identity is the concern of the writer. In this context, the main question concenrs the challenges of the Arabic novel in relation to identity, freedom and history. Is the novel a cultural necessity for freedom? Is it rooted in a cultural need, without which it is impossible to live? Is this the same anti-historical novel crafted by official institutions under the name of the History of the Utopia which is full of lies? Does the novel have the power to speak of the unspoken history and the power to protect the bridges of dialogue that are getting narrower and narrower every day? This article tries to study the cultural issues presented in novel from a critical framework. The novel is a prime example ethnic identity narration as it relates the pains and sufferings of the Kurds. Despite the language of the novel, which is devoid of poetic overtones and decorations, sometimes it tedious and difficult to understand it. The novel contains an implicit appeal which invites the reader to read the novel up to the end. It is a novel that expresses the fate of a nation and the oppression it has received from other countries. As with the protagonist, readers witness the redefinition of ethnic identity in this novel.

This article consists of several basic sections. The first section considers, in brief the movement of cultural associations in Kuwait which began in 1920s, continued in 1950s and strengthened after Independence in 1962. The section, also, mentions the factors of the rapid growth of the Kuwaiti cultural movement. The second section contains a list of the Kuwaiti poets and poetesses. The third section discusses the subjects of the Kuwaiti poetry; the society, the central mater of the Arabic world; Palestine. The historical sequence is considered here.

The neo-Romantics of the Contemporary Arabic literature (the followers of Europian Romanticism). are among the forerunners who wanted to follow the modem literary changes. The emergence of Romantic Literary School in Arabic poetry is supposed to be the start of a undamental change in Arabic literature.as the start of a drastic change. Although their efforts mostly emphasized the reform of content while relying on two elements of 'veracity of sentiments' and 'organic unity' in poetry; soon after, this change was more and more developed by proponents of modem poetry. In less than half a century, the whole Arabic poetry was gradually affected by this unique change.

There have been major transformations in Contemporary Arabic literary criticism in such a way that in place of a priori fixed comparative principles, the new schools of criticism are applied. In this article, the writer discusses the trajectory of the changes in Arabic poetry as well as the four phases of classicism, romanticism, social realism, and symbolism, along with major intellectual and social movement in Contemporary Arabic literary criticism.

The subject of the martyrdom and the martyr didn’t develop and didn’t become of various kinds, unless in the modern age and of course, after the wars had occurred in Arabic countries and after revolutions had taken place and after the moslem champions had sacrificed themselves to Allah and home country.so that, we see poets everyday that they cooperate with these champions in these revolutions and sacrifices with their poetic art; such as: Imaging and symbolizing and inspiring and conversing and etc. and by making fir of battle in Revolutionists’ heart for Revenging on injustice and insurrection and by immortalizing their heroisms and memoirs and transmit them to the living persons to become an active and agentive power for them.Therefore, the human smell of the martyrdom spreads everyday from poetry of these poets, whom any one of them pay attending to this subject from special Angle and create beautiful poetic tableaus and pictures of these martyrs which contain their histories and events.Thereupon we observe the martyr that he appears in these pictures as shinier Star or inspiring reformer or symbol of constancy in momentous affairs of native country or living person who doesn’t deserve an elegy to be composed for, or …

Based on the idea that Persian and Arabic language and literatures are among those formed within the patriarchal framework of discourse, this study attempts to investigate the roots and manifestation of misogyny in Contemporary poetry of Iran and Arab countries by focusing on the powerful discourse of gender in literature. The results show that the relative change of idea about woman in the Contemporary poets of Iran and Arab countries does not have power to fight the gender stereotypes which aim to undermine and humiliate women, and despite the development in the mind of Contemporary poets, it seems impossible to prevent the development of traditional beliefs which focus on the male superiority and female inferiority. Though not evident, there is still overt and covert misogyny in Contemporary Iran and Arab poetry.

Explaining the meaning of “Clear Arabic Language” (Arabic: لسان عربیّ مبین) in the Holy Quran according to the opinions of the commentators (the scholars who interpret the Holy Book of Quran) and the semantic functions of the words is the main issue of this research. Differences of opinion of commentators (Arabic: مفسّر; plural: Arabic: مفسّرون, Romanized: mufassirūn) and citing their views for different reasons necessitated this research. The present article has been studied and evaluated the opinions of the commentators in interpreting the verse and considers their views about “Clear Arabic Language” (Arabic: لسان عربیّ مبین) in four parts. These include: Taḥaddī (Arabic: تحدّی, The Quranic Challenge), the language of the audience and the place of revelation, the honor and capacities of the Arabic language, the eloquence and explicitness of the specific language of the Qur'an. The results of the research show that the “Clear Arabic Language” beyond the opinions of the commentators is a common understanding that has revealed the superhuman language of revelation through human conversational style and considered the universal characteristics, transhumanism, transhistorical of the Holy Book of Quran while considering the conditions and understanding of the audience. Paying attention to the Quranic meaning of related words and narrations as well as Saussure’s linguistic point of view can confirm the recent meaning.